James B. Armor, Jr., Michael W. Booen, Livingston L. Holder, Jr., Larry D. James, Charles E. Jones, Maureen C. LaComb, Michael R. Mantz, Randy T. Odle, William A. Pailes, Craig A. Puz, Katherine E. Roberts, Jess M. Sponable, W. David Thompson, Glenn S. Yeakel
Jones was killed on September 11, 2001, as a passenger aboard American Airlines Flight 11. Of this group, only Pailes ever flew in space, aboard a dedicated Department of Defense Shuttle mission as a Payload Specialist.
September 11 – 1982 Intercosmos Group – India
Ravish Malhotra, Rakesh Sharma
December 1 – Spacelab Payload Specialists Group – Germany
Reinhard Furrer, Ernst Messerschmid
1983
December – NRC Group – Canada
Roberta Bondar, Marc Garneau, Steve MacLean, Kenneth Money, Robert Thirsk, and Bjarni Tryggvason
This first Canadian astronaut group was selected by the National Research Council of Canada and were transferred to the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) when it was created in 1989. All the astronauts flew on the U.S. Space Shuttle by 1997 except Kenneth Money, who resigned from CSA in 1992.
1984
February 15 – NPOE-6 Cosmonaut Group – Soviet Union
Aleksandr Kaleri, Sergei Yemelyanov
May 23 – NASA Group 10 – The Maggots – USA
Pilots: Kenneth Cameron, John Casper, Frank Culbertson, Sidney Gutierrez, Blaine Hammond, Michael McCulley, James Wetherbee
Mission specialists: James Adamson, Ellen Baker, Mark Brown, Sonny Carter, Marsha Ivins, Mark Lee, David Low, William Shepherd, Kathryn Thornton, Charles "Lacy" Veach
Of this group, William Shepherd would become the commander of the first International Space Station crew (Expedition 1). James Wetherbee would become the only person to command five spaceflight missions. Sonny Carter died in 1991 in a plane crash while on NASA business.
1985
May – ISRO Insat Group – India
Nagapathi Chidambar Bhat, Paramaswaren Radhakrishnan Nair
Note: after the shuttle Challenger accident flight was canceled.
June 4 – NASA Group 11 – USA
Pilots: Michael A. Baker, Robert D. Cabana, Brian Duffy, Terence Henricks, Stephen Oswald, Stephen Thorne
Mission Specialists: Jerome Apt, Charles Gemar, Linda Godwin, Richard Hieb, Tamara Jernigan, Carl Meade, Rodolfo Neri Vela, Pierre Thuot
Note: Thorne was killed in the crash of a private airplane before his first flight assignment.
July 19 – NASA Teacher in Space Program – USA
Christa McAuliffe, Barbara Morgan
Note: McAuliffe and Morgan were selected as the prime and backup Payload Specialists for the STS-51-L mission in 1985. McAuliffe was killed in the Challenger Disaster, 73 seconds after lift-off. Morgan would later join the NASA Astronaut Corps in 1998. She flew on the STS-118 mission in 2007, 21 years after Challenger.
August 1 – 1985 NASDA Group – Japan
Mamoru Mohri, Chiaki Mukai, Takao Doi
August – USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer – Group 3
Joseph J. Caretto, Robert B. Crombie, Frank M. DeArmond, David P. Staib, Jr., Teresa M. Stevens
September 2 – GKNII-2/NPOE-7 Cosmonaut Group – Soviet Union
GKNII: Viktor Afanasyev, Anatoly Artsebarsky, Gennadi Manakov
NPOE: Sergei Krikalyov, Andrei Zaytsev
September 18 – CNES Group 2 – France
Claudie André-Deshays, Jean-François Clervoy, Jean-Jacques Favier, Jean-Pierre Haigneré, Frédéric Patat, Michel Tognini, Michel Viso
September 30 - 1985 Intercosmos Group – Syria
Muhammed Ahmed Faris, Munir Habib Habib
October – Indonesian Palapa Group – Indonesia
Taufik Akbar, Pratiwi Sudarmono
December 27 - ATLAS-1 - ESA
Dirk D. Frimout (Belgium)
1987
January 5 - Shipka Group – Bulgaria
Aleksandr Aleksandrov, Krasimir Stoyanov
March 26 – TsPK-8/NPOE-8 Cosmonaut Group – Soviet Union
TsPK: Valery Korzun, Vladimir Dezhurov, Yuri Gidzenko, Yuri Malenchenko, Vasily Tsibliyev
NPOE: Sergei Avdeyev
June 5 – NASA Group 12 – The GAFFers – USA
Main article: NASA Astronaut Group 12
Pilots: Andrew M. Allen, Kenneth Bowersox, Curtis Brown, Kevin Chilton, Donald McMonagle, William Readdy, Kenneth Reightler
Mission specialists: Thomas Akers, Jan Davis, Michael Foale, Gregory Harbaugh, Mae Jemison, Bruce Melnick, Mario Runco, James Voss
The group's informal nickname is an acronym for "George Abbey Final Fifteen". Of this group, Mae Jemison would become the first female African-American in space, while Michael Foale would serve on extended missions to both Mir and the International Space Station as well as a mission to service the Hubble Space Telescope. At the time of the Columbia accident in 2003, William Readdy was Associate Administrator for Space Flight and Kenneth Bowersox was commanding the Expedition 6 crew on the ISS. Chilton, after leaving NASA, became the first NASA astronaut to become a full General in the U.S. Air Force (Lt. Gen. Thomas Stafford, USAF, and VADM Richard Truly, USN were three-star officers) and held the position of commander, U.S. Strategic Command.
August 3 – 1987 German Group
Renate Brümmer, Hans Schlegel, Gerhard Thiele, Heike Walpot, Ulrich Walter
1988
February 12 – OS „Mir” Group - Afghanistan
Mohammad Dauran Ghulam Masum, Abdul Ahad Mohmand
1989
January 25 – IMBP-5/GKNII-3/NPOE-9/TsPK-10 Cosmonaut Group – Soviet Union
IMBP: Vladimir Karashtin, Vasili Lukiyanyuk, Boris Morukov
GNKII: Anatoli Polonsky, Valeri Tokarev, Aleksandr Yablontsev
NPOE: Nikolai Budarin, Yelena Kondakova, Aleksandr Poleshchuk, Yury Usachov
TsPK: Sergei Kirchevsky, Gennady Padalka, Yury Onufriyenko
May 23 – 1989 Italian Group
Franco Malerba, Franco Rossitto, Umberto Guidoni, Cristiano Batalli Cosmovici
September 29 – ATLAS Payload Specialists – NASA
Charles R. Chappell, Michael Lampton, Byron K. Lichtenberg
1990
January 17 – NASA Group 13 – The Hairballs – USA
Main article: NASA Astronaut Group 13
Pilots: Kenneth Cockrell, Eileen Collins, William G. Gregory, James Halsell, Charles Precourt, Richard Searfoss, Terrence Wilcutt
Mission specialists: Daniel Bursch, Leroy Chiao, Michael R. Clifford, Bernard Harris, Susan Helms, Thomas David Jones, William McArthur, James Newman, Ellen Ochoa, Ronald Sega, Nancy Currie, Donald A. Thomas, Janice Voss, Carl E. Walz, Peter Wisoff, David Wolf
Collins would go on to be the first female shuttle pilot, the first female shuttle commander, and then commander of the second "Return to Flight" mission in 2005. The "Hairballs" nickname, according to Jones in his book "Sky Walking," came after the group, the 13th NASA astronaut class, put a black cat on its group patch.
February – CNES Group 3 – France
Léopold Eyharts, Jean-Marc Gasparini, Philippe Perrin, Benoit Silve
May 11 – TsPK-11 Cosmonaut Group – Soviet Union
Talgat Musabayev, Vladimir Severin, Salizhan Sharipov, Sergei Vozovikov, Sergei Zalyotin
October 8 – 1990 German Group
Reinhold Ewald, Klaus-Dietrich Flade
1992
March 3 – NPOE-10 Cosmonaut Group – Russia
Aleksandr Lazutkin, Sergei Treshchov, Pavel Vinogradov
March 31 – NASA Group 14 – The Hogs – USA
Pilots: Scott Horowitz, Brent Jett, Kevin Kregel, Kent Rominger
Mission specialists: Daniel T. Barry, Charles Brady, Catherine Coleman, Michael Gernhardt, John Grunsfeld, Wendy Lawrence, Jerry Linenger, Richard Linnehan, Michael Lopez-Alegria, Scott Parazynski, Winston Scott, Steven Smith, Joseph Tanner, Andy Thomas, Mary Weber
International mission specialists: Marc Garneau (Canada), Chris Hadfield (Canada), Maurizio Cheli (Italy), Jean-François Clervoy (France), Koichi Wakata (Japan)
Beginning with this NASA Group, non-US astronauts representing their home country's space agencies were brought in and trained alongside their NASA counterparts as full-fledged mission specialists, eligible to be assigned to any shuttle mission.
April – 1992 NASDA Group – Japan
June – CSA Group 2 – Canada
Dafydd Williams, Julie Payette, Chris Hadfield and Michael McKay
The second Canadian astronaut group were selected by CSA. All the astronauts flew on the U.S. Space Shuttle except Michael McKay who resigned due to medical reasons.
May 15 – 1992 ESA Group – ESA
Maurizio Cheli (Italy), Jean-François Clervoy (France), Pedro Duque (Spain), Christer Fuglesang (Sweden), Marianne Merchez (Belgium), Thomas Reiter (Germany)
1994
April 1 – NPOE-11 Cosmonaut Group – Russia
Nadezhda Kuzhelnaya, Mikhail Tyurin
December 12 – NASA Group 15 – The Flying Escargot – USA
Pilots: Scott Altman, Jeffrey Ashby, Michael Bloomfield, Joe Edwards, Dominic Gorie, Rick Husband, Steven Lindsey, Pamela Melroy, Susan (Still) Kilrain, Frederick Sturckow.
Mission specialists: Michael Anderson, Kalpana Chawla, Robert Curbeam, Kathryn Hire, Janet Kavandi, Edward Lu, Carlos Noriega, James Reilly, Stephen Robinson.
International mission specialists: Jean-Loup Chrétien (France), Takao Doi (Japan), Michel Tognini (France), Dafydd Williams (Canada).
Husband, Anderson and Chawla were crewmembers on the final Columbia mission. Chrétien trained as a backup Spacelab crew member in the 1980s and flew on both U.S. and Soviet/Russian spacecraft, along with being the first non-U.S. or Soviet/Russian astronaut to perform a space walk.
1996
February 9 – MKS/RKKE-12 Cosmonaut Group – Russia
MKS: Oleg Kotov, Yuri Shargin
RKKE: Konstantin Kozeyev, Sergei Revin
March 26 – MKS supplemental cosmonaut group – Russia
May 1 – NASA Group 16 – The Sardines – USA
Main article: NASA Astronaut Group 16
Pilots: Duane G. Carey, Stephen Frick, Charles O. Hobaugh, James M. Kelly, Mark Kelly, Scott Kelly, Paul Lockhart, Christopher Loria, William Cameron McCool, Mark L. Polansky.
Mission Specialists: David McDowell Brown, Daniel C. Burbank, Yvonne Cagle, Fernando Caldeiro, Charles Camarda, Laurel Clark, Michael Fincke, Patrick G. Forrester, John Herrington, Joan Higginbotham, Sandra Magnus, Michael J. Massimino, Richard Mastracchio, Lee Morin, Lisa Nowak, Donald Pettit, John L. Phillips, Paul W. Richards, Piers Sellers, Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper, Daniel M. Tani, Rex J. Walheim, Peggy Whitson, Jeffrey Williams, Stephanie Wilson.
International Mission Specialists: Pedro Duque (Spain), Christer Fuglesang (Sweden), Umberto Guidoni (Italy), Steven MacLean (Canada), Mamoru Mohri (Japan), Soichi Noguchi (Japan), Julie Payette (Canada), Philippe Perrin (France), Gerhard Thiele (Germany).
Brown, Clark and McCool were crewmembers on the final Columbia mission. Mark and Scott Kelly are twin brothers, James Kelly is not related. Loria resigned from his shuttle mission due to injury and never flew before retiring from the astronaut corps. Nowak, who flew on STS-121, was arrested on February 5, 2007, after confronting a woman entangled in a love triangle with a fellow astronaut. She was dismissed by NASA on March 6, the first astronaut to be both grounded and dismissed (prior astronauts who were grounded due to non-medical issues usually resigned or retired).
June – NASDA Group – Japan
October – China Group 1996 – China
November - Shuttle-97 Group – Ukraine
Leonid Kadeniuk, Yaroslav Pustovyi
1997
April (?) - Shuttle Group - Israel
Ramon was the first Israeli astronaut to fly in space and also a Payload Specialist on the final mission of Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-107).
July 28 – TsPK-12/RKKE-13 Cosmonaut Group – Russia
TsPK: Dmitri Kondratyev, Yury Lonchakov, Sergei Moshchenko, Oleg Moshkin, Roman Romanenko, Aleksandr Skvortsov, Maksim Surayev, Konstantin Valkov, Sergey Volkov
RKKE: Oleg Skripochka, Fyodor Yurchikhin
1998
January – Chinese Group 1 – China
Chen Quan , Deng Qingming , Fei Junlong , Jing Haipeng , Liu Boming , Liu Wang , Nie Haisheng , Pan Zhanchun , Yang Liwei , Zhai Zhigang , Zhang Xiaoguan , Zhao Chuandong
In October 2003, Yang Liwei became the first man to be sent into space by the space program of China, and his mission, Shenzhou 5, made the PRC the third country to independently send people into space.
February 24 – RKKE-14 Cosmonaut Group – Russia
Mart 2 - OS „Mir” Stefanik Group – Slovakia
June 4 – NASA Group 17 – The Penguins – USA
Main article: NASA Astronaut Group 17
Pilots: Lee Archambault, Christopher Ferguson, Kenneth Ham, Gregory C. Johnson, Gregory H. Johnson, William Oefelein, Alan Poindexter, George Zamka
Mission Specialists: Clayton Anderson, Tracy Caldwell, Gregory Chamitoff, Timothy Creamer, Michael Foreman, Michael E. Fossum, Stanley Love, Leland Melvin, Barbara Morgan, John D. Olivas, Nicholas Patrick, Garrett Reisman, Patricia Robertson, Steven Swanson, Douglas Wheelock, Sunita Williams, Neil Woodward
International Mission Specialists: Léopold Eyharts (France), Paolo Nespoli (Italy), Marcos Pontes (Brazil), Hans Schlegel (Germany), Robert Thirsk (Canada), Bjarni Tryggvason (Canada), Roberto Vittori (Italy)
Note: Group includes Barbara Morgan, who was the backup "Teacher-In-Space" for Christa McAuliffe for the ill-fated Challenger Disaster in 1986. While often referred to as an Educator Astronaut, Morgan was selected by NASA as a Mission Specialist, before the Educator Astronaut Project was formed.
Patricia Robertson (née Hilliard) was killed in the crash of a private airplane before she was assigned to a Shuttle mission.
Oefelein was dismissed from NASA in 2007 due to his involvement in a love triangle with fellow astronaut Lisa Nowak.
October 7 – 1998 ESA Group – ESA
Frank De Winne (Belgium), Léopold Eyharts (France), André Kuipers (Netherlands), Paolo Nespoli (Italia), Hans Schlegel (Germany) , Roberto Vittori (Italia)
1999
February – 1999 NASDA Group – Japan
Satoshi Furukawa, Akihiko Hoshide, Naoko Sumino
1 November – 1999 ESA Group – Europe
Claudie André-Deshays, Philippe Perrin, Michel Tognini
The three remaining CNES (France) astronauts transferred to the ESA's astronaut corps in 1999.
2000
July 26 – NASA Group 18 – The Bugs – USA
Main article: NASA Astronaut Group 18
Pilots: Dominic A. Antonelli, Eric A. Boe, Kevin A. Ford, Ronald J. Garan, Jr., Douglas G. Hurley, Terry W. Virts, Jr., Barry E. Wilmore
Mission Specialists: Michael R. Barratt, Robert L. Behnken, Stephen G. Bowen, B. Alvin Drew, Andrew J. Feustel, Michael T. Good, Timothy L. Kopra, K. Megan McArthur, Karen L. Nyberg, Nicole P. Stott
2002
November 12 – Canadian Arrow astronaut team – Canada
David Ballinger, Larry C. Clark, Jason Paul Dyer, Marvin Edward 'Ted' Gow, Yaroslav 'Yarko' Pustovyi, Wayne 'Terry' Wong
2003
May 23 – TsPK-13/RKKE-15/IMBP-6 Cosmonaut Group – Russia
TsPK: Anatoli Ivanishin, Aleksandr Samokutyayev, Anton Shkaplerov, Evgeny Tarelkin, Sergei Zhukov
RKKE: Oleg Artemyev, Andrei Borisenko, Mark Serov
IMBP: Sergey Ryazansky
Kazakhstan - Group 1
Along with Russian cosmonauts were training two Kazakh cosmonaut: Aydyn Aimbetov and Mukhtar Aymakhanov
September 11 – SpaceShipOne – USA
Brian Binnie, Mike Melvill, Doug Shane, Peter Siebold
Note: This was the first real group of commercial astronauts. Only Binnie and Melville actually reached space during a SpaceShipOne flight. Siebold has also piloted SpaceShipTwo, but no flights have yet reached space, as of May 2013.
2004
May 6 – NASA Group 19 – The Peacocks – USA
Main article: NASA Astronaut Group 19
Pilots: Randolph Bresnik, James Dutton
Mission specialists: Thomas Marshburn, Christopher Cassidy, R. Shane Kimbrough, Jose Hernández, Robert Satcher, Shannon Walker
Educator mission specialists: Joseph M. Acaba, Richard R. Arnold, Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger
International mission specialists: Satoshi Furukawa (Japan), Akihiko Hoshide (Japan), Naoko Yamazaki (Japan)
Note: This group was the first to include Educator mission specialists, and the last group to train for Space Shuttle flights.
2006
March 30 – Virgin Galactic Astronaut Pilots Group – UK
Steve Johnson, Alistair Hoy, David MacKay, Alex Tai
September 4 – Angkasawan Group – Malaysia
Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, Faiz Khaleed, Siva Vanajah, Mohammed Faiz Kamaludin
Note: In 2006, four Malaysians were chosen to train for a flight to the International Space Station through the Angkasawan program. Sheikh Muszaphar became the first Malaysian in space when he flew aboard Soyuz TMA-11.
October 11 – TsPK-14/RKKE-16 Cosmonaut Group – Russia
TsPK: Aleksandr Misurkin, Oleg Novitskiy, Aleksey Ovchinin, Maksim Ponomaryov, Sergey Ryzhikov
RKKE: Yelena Serova, Nikolai Tikhonov
December 25 – Korean Astronaut Program Group
Note: Ko San was chosen as the prime candidate over Yi So-yeon in September 2007. Yi So-yeon became prime candidate in March 2008.
2008
July - Virgin Galactic Astronaut Pilots Group - UK
Robert Bendall, Rich Dancaster, Brad Lambert
2009
February 25 – JAXA Group – Japan
May 13 – CSA Group – Canada
Jeremy Hansen, David Saint-Jacques
May 20 – ESA Group – The Shenanigans – ESA
Samantha Cristoforetti (Italy), Alexander Gerst (Germany), Andreas Mogensen (Denmark), Luca Parmitano (Italy), Timothy Peake (United Kingdom), Thomas Pesquet (France)
June 29 – NASA Group 20 – Chumps– USA
Main article: NASA Astronaut Group 20
Mission Specialists: Serena M. Auñón, Jeanette J. Epps, Jack D. Fischer, Michael S. Hopkins, Kjell N. Lindgren, Kathleen (Kate) Rubins, Scott D. Tingle, Mark T. Vande Hei, Gregory R. (Reid) Wiseman
International Mission Specialists: Jeremy Hansen (Canada), Norishige Kanai (Japan), Takuya Onishi (Japan), David Saint-Jacques (Canada), Kimiya Yui (Japan)
Note: NASA selected the nine members of Group 20 from over 3,500 applicants. The NASA candidates were announced in June, the international astronauts were added later that year. This was the first group of astronauts chosen for the post-Space Shuttle era, and were not trained to fly the Shuttle. Fisher, Tingle, and Wiseman were selected as pilots, but there is currently no distinction between pilots and non-pilots, all are considered Mission Specialists.
September 8 – JAXA Group – Japan
2010
March - Chinese Group 2 – China
Xuzhe Cai, Dong Chen, Yang Liu, Hongbo Tang, Yaping Wang, Guangfu Ye, Lu Zhang
October 12 – TsPK-15/RKKE-17 Cosmonaut Group – Russia
TsPK: Aleksey Khomenchuk, Denis Matveev, Sergey Valer'evich Prokopiev
RKKE: Andrey Babkin, Ivan Vagner, Sergey Kud'-Sverchkov, Svyatoslav Morozov
2011
October 26 - Virgin Galactic Astronaut Pilots Group - UK
2012
(?) - Virgin Galactic (and Scaled Composites) Astronaut Pilots Group – UK
Mike Alsbury, Rob Bendall (Canada), Richard Branson, Peter Kalogiannis, Niki Lauda (Austria), Brian Maisler, Clint Nichols, Wes Persall, Burt Rutan, Peter Seiffert, Peter Siebold, Mark Stucky
Note: the list is incomplete (possible mistakes), because in the firms web site is not official information.
October 30 – TsPK- Addition Group – Russia
Finalists: Oleg Blinov, Nikolay Chub, Piotr Dubrov, Andrey Fediaev, Ignat Ignatov, Anna Kikina, Sergei Korsakov, Dmitriy Petelin
2013
May 8 - Virgin Galactic Astronaut Pilots Group – UK
Frederick W. Sturckow (former NASA astronaut), Michael “Sooch” Masucci
Date to be determined – NASA Group 21
Main article: NASA Astronaut Group 21
2013.
June 17 – NASA Group 21
Main article: NASA Astronaut Group 21
Josh A. Cassada, Victor J. Glover, Tyler N. Hague, Christina M. Hammock, Nicole Aunapu Mann, Anne C. McClain, Jessica U. Meir, Andrew R. Morgan
Comments
Same companies - the contenders for the Ansari X PRIZE for the first non-governmental reusable manned spacecraft – named his spacecraft pilots, 2003 – 2004:
the head of company Starchaser Industries Steve Bennett (United Kingdom), test pilot Ted Strong and astronaut Matt Shewbridge; former NASA astronauts – American: John Bennett Herrington (Pioneer Rocketplane), Richard Searfoss (XCOR Aerospace); pilot Dick Rutan (XCOR Aerospace); Canadian engineer Brian Feeney (da Vinci Project); a veteran Wally Funk from Mercury 13 (Interorbital Systems) ua.
The new Teachers in Space Project began in 2005. In 2012, the United States Rocket Academy announced a split from the original Teachers in Space program partnership with Space Frontier Foundation and and start a new project - Citizens in Space:
For its first phase, Citizens in Space will be selecting and training 10 citizen astronaut candidates to fly as payload operators. Four astronaut candidates already in training ( Maureen Adams, Steve Heck, Michael Johnson, and Edward Wright).
Founders of Copenhagen Suborbitals (2008, Denmark) are Kristian von Bengtson and Peter Madsen. If successful, Denmark will be the fourth nation to launch humans above the Kármán line. Peter Madsen is scheduled for the first flight, then Kristian von Bengtson will attempt a low earth orbit mission.
The very first, a private firm that tried to build a suborbital space rocket was Truax Engineering, Inc. At various times to beginning of the 1990th, one by one, trained for the first flight: Ronald Beller, Martin Yahn, Ray Upton, Daniel J. Correa and Fell Peters. The project stalled for lack of money.
Main article: refer to the English Wikipedia.
Astronauts for Hire
Astronauts for Hire (A4H) is a nonprofit corporation whose mission is "to increase the competitiveness of commercial astronaut candidates by providing skills training, facilitating forums for candidate communication, engaging with potential employers, and inspiring the next generation.
The organization currently has nineteen Flight Members, who are considered commercial astronauts for hire. These flight members are:
Christopher Altman, Ben Corbin, Jim Crowell, Jon-Erik Dahlin, Kristine Ferrone, Amnon Govrin, Melania Guerra, Mindy Howard, José Miguel Hurtado, Jr., Kris Lehnhardt, Joseph E. Palaia, IV, Jason Reimuller, Luís M. R. Saraiva, Erik Seedhouse, Brian Shiro, Alli Taylor, Cosan Unuvar, Pavel Zagadailov, Luis Zea
June 3, 2013 the six new flight members chosen in this selection campaign are accomplished professionals representing diverse fields of science, engineering, medicine, and aviation:
David Ballinger, Jessica Cherry, Michael Gallagher, Jamie Guined, Tanya Markow, Aaron Persad
The Associate Members of Astronauts for Hire are:
Akram Abdellatif, Andrew Blaber, Ryan Cobrick, Karina Descartin, Garry Livesay, Eduardo Garcia-Llama, Gerry Manasca, Kavya Manyapu, Paul McCall, Tahir Merali, Bill Tandy, Ann-Sofie Schreurs, Jules Shiohira Ung, Edwin Vasquez, David Wassell ua.
Members candidate: Augusto Carballido.
Astronaut from Chile.
The exact date set yet unknown. Some sources as the date set called 1992, according to other sources - this is 1996.
In one of the Chilean newspaper, in-room after March 21, 1999 states that in Chile in 1992 was selected three (and according to other sources - 4) astronaut candidate. In this case, the main story is about Claus von Storch, and others just mentioned. From this we can conclude that it was von Storch from the start was seen as the main candidate.
Anyway, there were confiscation of: Francisco Lehuede, Eduardo Peña, Cristian Andres Puebla Menne, Klaus Bernhard von Storch.
Most likely, that the flight was planned for the U.S. space shuttle. Terms were not called flight. Information on the selection does not. However, according to more recent reports, the agreement with NASA and failed.
In August 2001, "the Spanish-language" Internet began to emerge about the possibility of publishing the Chilean astronaut flying on a Russian spacecraft. In this case it was all just about von Storch, and the other candidates do not even remember.
Negotiations on the project «AstroChile» began in Chile in October 2001, during a workshop on aeronautics. Moreover, the Russian side have been involved in the embassy's science adviser. June 18, 2002 it was announced a previous agreement.
However, appeared in December 2002 reported that a final agreement has not been signed. And, accordingly, no preparation for the flight von Storch did not pass. The reason for failure of the contract is simple - the sides could not agree on financial matters.
Pievienoju vēl saiti uz grāmatu, kur var iegūt informāciju krievu valodā par tā saucamajiem "fantomu kosmonautiem". Autors, kosmonautikas pētnieks ir burtiski maksimāli visas tādas ziņas tur savācis, kopā ar atspēkojumiem. Grāmata visai jauna 2011. gadā izdota, mūsdienās jau reti kad vēl kāda tāda ziņa uzpeld. Tā kā par 99% pilns saraksts.